Weather In Probability Land

Python Puzzles

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This type of puzzle is called a Markov Chain.

In Probability Land, on a sunny day there is an equal probability of the next day being sunny or rainy. On a rainy day, there is a 70% chance it will rain the next day, and a 30% chance it will be sunny the next day.

On average, how many rainy days are there in Probability Land?

Here is the output from the Python’s print statement.

It rains approximately 62% of the time in Probability Land.

It is worth noting that the absolute value of the Pearson R correlation will always be 1. However, by creating a scatter plot where the X and Y values are on the same scale, it becomes visually apparent that the number of rainy days far exceeds the number of sunny days.

Here is the Python code to run this simulation.

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


result = []

# repeat the simulation 10,000 times
for _ in range(10_000):

    sunnydays = 0

    # start with a forecast of sunny (1) with 70% probability
    forecast = np.random.binomial(1, .7, 1).item()

    # simulate the weather for 365 days
    for _ in range(365):
        if forecast == 1:

            # if the forecast is sunny, count it as a sunny day and update the forecast with 50% probability of being sunny
            sunnydays += 1
            forecast = np.random.binomial(1, .5, 1).item()
        else:

            # if the forecast is not sunny, update the forecast with 30% probability of being sunny
            forecast = np.random.binomial(1, .3, 1).item()

    result.append(sunnydays)

# calculate the percentage of days when it rains
pct_rain = ((365 - (sum(result) / len(result))) / 365)
print('It rains approximately ' + '{0:.0%}'.format(pct_rain) + ' of the time in ProbabilityLand.')

# calculate correlation coefficient
sunny_days = np.array(result)
rainy_days = 365 - sunny_days
corr = np.corrcoef(sunny_days, rainy_days)[0][1]

# create scatter plot
plt.xlim(90, 280)
plt.ylim(90, 280)
plt.scatter(sunny_days, rainy_days, color='blue', alpha=0.05)
plt.xlabel('Number of Sunny Days')
plt.ylabel('Number of Rainy Days')
plt.title('Sunny vs Rainy Days in ProbabilityLand')

# add correlation coefficient to plot
plt.text(x = np.max(sunny_days), y = np.max(rainy_days), 
         s = f"r = {corr:.2f}", ha = 'right', va = 'top')
plt.savefig('weather-probability-land-scatter.png', dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight')
plt.show()